The professionalisation of the childcare sector is relatively recent, but initial training for childcare workers is now a requirement, and a continuing training programme has been introduced. Childminders now have their own professional status.

Separate employment statuses regulate the employment conditions and careers of teachers at pre-secondary, secondary and higher non-university level. These statuses depend on the network that employs the teacher, although much of their content is shared.

The initial training of teachers at the pre-secondary and lower secondary levels is organized as part of a first-cycle training in higher education, leading to a bachelor's degree (180 ECTS, level 6 of the European Qualifications Framework). Teachers at upper secondary school hold the upper secondary teaching diploma (a second cycle degree). This pedagogical training can be acquired as part of a teaching master’s (120 ECTS, level 7 of the European Qualifications Framework) or a specific training (post master) corresponding to 30 ECTS. The initial training of higher education and adult education varies among other factors, depending on the type of institution where they are working.

All teachers at the ordinary or specialised pre-secondary and secondary levels must attend continuing training.