The continuing professional development and further education and development of the teachers (excluding higher education staff) in Turkey are governed and executed in accordance with Articles 48 and 49 of the Basic Law of National Education (Milli Eğitim Temel Kanunu), with 214th Article of the 657th Law and with the Presidency Decree Numbered 1 as well as the regulation concerning in-service trainings of the Ministry of National Education. Therefore, in-service training provisions are not different from the teachers working in formal education cycles. It is obligatory for the in-service training activities to be performed in accordance with the defined regulations and planning by the Directorate for Teacher Education and Development Office (Öğretmen Yetiştirme ve Geliştirme Genel Müdürlüğü). The need for the in-service education is identified by the Ministry by evaluating the developments in science and technology, administrative reports, inspection reports, demands of the personnel, research results, advices of the boards concerned, questionnaire survey results, governmental programs, action plans and other relevant documents of the centralized bodies. General Directorate of Teacher Training and Development and General Directorate of Human Resources plan and implement the annual programs nationally, and Province level National Education Directorates plans and implements the annual program locally. Via in-service training activities, teachers are provided with specific CPD courses such as induction, updating of the knowledge, development of skills and competences, changing the field,  foreign language, computer skills and special education, which may be seen as both professional and personal development trainings.